Bitcoin White Paper
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Originally published in October 2008 under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System introduced a decentralised electronic cash system that enables online payments to be sent directly between parties without relying on a financial institution. The nine page paper laid the foundation for Bitcoin and remains one of the most influential technical papers in the history of digital money.
For reference and research purposes, the original white paper is provided below in its published PDF format.
Abstract
“A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution…”
Document Information
Originally published in October 2008. This PDF is reproduced for educational and research purposes. All rights remain with the original author.
Original Publication Information
Title: Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System
Author: Satoshi Nakamoto
Original Contact: satoshin@gmx.com
Original Website: bitcoin.org